The NLS_DATE_FORMAT is an important detail. It's good that the question specifies the date format, otherwise I might have gotten the date comparisons wrong.
E is definitely wrong, you can't group by salary alone. That would give you the average of the maximum salary for each unique salary value, which doesn't make much sense.
The correct answers are B and D. B calculates the average of the maximum salaries for each department, and D calculates the sum of salaries for employees hired after January 1, 2019 for each department.
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