IGMP has three versions. Different versions support different features. Which of the following features is supported by all versions?
Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step
Overview of IGMP Versions:
IGMPv1: The simplest version, supports basic group membership management using Report messages but lacks Leave messages.
IGMPv2: Adds features like Leave messages and Group-Specific Queries.
IGMPv3: Supports specifying multicast sources for Source-Specific Multicast (SSM).
Feature Supported by All Versions:
Report messages are fundamental to IGMP functionality and are supported in all three versions.
Features Not Supported by All Versions:
Group-Specific Queries (A): Supported in IGMPv2 and IGMPv3.
Leave Messages (B): Introduced in IGMPv2.
Specifying Multicast Sources (D): Introduced in IGMPv3.
HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, Chapter: IGMP Overview
Huawei Multicast Protocol Details
BGP is generally applied to complex networks where routes change frequently. Frequent route flapping consumes a large number of bandwidth and CPU resources, and even affects the normal operation of the network. This is an unavoidable problem that cannot be solved in BGP.
BGP Route Flapping and Mitigation
While route flapping is a concern in large-scale networks, BGP employs mechanisms such as Route Dampening to mitigate its impact. Route dampening suppresses frequently flapping routes for a period of time to reduce resource consumption and network instability.
Therefore, it is incorrect to state that the issue cannot be resolved in BGP.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
The mechanism of route dampening is detailed in the BGP optimization chapters.
BFD provides fast fault detection independent of media and routing protocols. To use this mechanism to detect link connectivity, devices at both ends must support this feature.
Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD):
BFD is a lightweight protocol that provides rapid fault detection on links independent of the underlying routing protocol or media.
Requirements for BFD:
Both devices at the endpoints of the link must support and configure BFD for it to operate.
If one device does not support BFD, the feature cannot be used for link detection.
HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, Chapter: BFD Overview
Huawei BFD Configuration Guidelines
On an enterprise WLAN where Portal authentication is deployed, an AC functions as an access device and communicates with a Portal server using the Portal protocol. Which of the following statements are true about the Portal protocol?
Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step
Portal Authentication:
Portal authentication uses a web-based mechanism where clients are redirected to a login page.
Communication between the access device and Portal server uses HTTP or HTTPS protocols.
Correct Statements:
Option A: HTTP or HTTPS is used for Portal authentication.
Option D: Portal protocol packets are transmitted over TCP for reliable communication.
Incorrect Statements:
Option B: Port 2000 is not the default for processing Portal packets.
Option C: The default destination port for communication with the Portal server is not 50100.
HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, Chapter: WLAN Portal Authentication
Huawei WLAN Authentication Protocols
When a packet passes through a firewall, the firewall creates a session connection for the packet to guide subsequent forwarding of the packet. However, the firewall does not create session entries for all packets. For which of the following packets does the firewall not create session entries when the packet reaches the firewall?
Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step
Session Creation in Firewalls:
Firewalls create session entries for packets requiring stateful inspection (e.g., TCP, UDP, ICMP, and GRE).
Subsequent fragments of large packets do not require new sessions. Instead, they are processed based on the session created for the first fragment.
Correct Option:
C (Subsequent Fragment): Does not trigger a new session entry as it belongs to an existing session.
HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, Chapter: Firewall Session Handling
Huawei Fragmentation Processing in Firewalls
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