Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Questions

Examine the OSPF debug output:

The OSPF Hello packet debug output shows the Router ID as 0.0.0.112.

It shows that the OSPF packet is being sent from 0.0.0.112 via port2:192.168.37.114.

The OSPF Hello packet contains information such as the network mask (255.255.255.0), hello interval (10), router priority (1), dead interval (40), and designated router (192.168.37.114) and backup designated router (192.168.37.115).

Check the area configuration:

The area ID is shown as 0.0.0.0, indicating that the two devices attempting adjacency are in area 0.0.0.0.

Authentication mismatch:

The debug output indicates an 'Authentication type mismatch'. This means one device is configured to require authentication while the other is not.

Password configuration:

The statement claiming that 'A password has been configured on the local OSPF router but is not shown in the output' is false because the output indicates an authentication mismatch, not the presence or absence of a password. The other statements are true based on the provided debug output.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

OSPF Configuration Guides

Understanding protocol states:

proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.

proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.

proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.

proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.

Explanation of correct answer:

proto_state=10 is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation

IKE_SA_INIT Exchange:

The IKE_SA_INIT exchange is the first step in the IKEv2 negotiation process. It is responsible for setting up the initial security association (SA) and performing Diffie-Hellman key exchange.

During this exchange, the responder may employ various measures to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, such as rate limiting and the use of puzzles to increase the computational cost for an attacker.

DoS Protection Mechanisms:

One key method involves limiting the number of half-open SAs from any single IP address or subnet.

The IKE_SA_INIT exchange can also incorporate the use of stateless cookies, which help to verify the initiator's legitimacy without requiring extensive resource allocation by the responder until the initiator is verified.

RFC 5996: Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) (RFC Editor).

RFC 8019: Protecting Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Implementations from Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks (IETF Datatracker).

Understanding protocol states:

proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.

proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.

proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.

proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.

Explanation of correct answer:

proto_state=10 is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation

IKE_SA_INIT Exchange:

The IKE_SA_INIT exchange is the first step in the IKEv2 negotiation process. It is responsible for setting up the initial security association (SA) and performing Diffie-Hellman key exchange.

During this exchange, the responder may employ various measures to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, such as rate limiting and the use of puzzles to increase the computational cost for an attacker.

DoS Protection Mechanisms:

One key method involves limiting the number of half-open SAs from any single IP address or subnet.

The IKE_SA_INIT exchange can also incorporate the use of stateless cookies, which help to verify the initiator's legitimacy without requiring extensive resource allocation by the responder until the initiator is verified.

RFC 5996: Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) (RFC Editor).

RFC 8019: Protecting Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Implementations from Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks (IETF Datatracker).