Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Questions

Understanding protocol states:

proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.

proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.

proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.

proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.

Explanation of correct answer:

proto_state=10 is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation

Examine the OSPF debug output:

The OSPF Hello packet debug output shows the Router ID as 0.0.0.112.

It shows that the OSPF packet is being sent from 0.0.0.112 via port2:192.168.37.114.

The OSPF Hello packet contains information such as the network mask (255.255.255.0), hello interval (10), router priority (1), dead interval (40), and designated router (192.168.37.114) and backup designated router (192.168.37.115).

Check the area configuration:

The area ID is shown as 0.0.0.0, indicating that the two devices attempting adjacency are in area 0.0.0.0.

Authentication mismatch:

The debug output indicates an 'Authentication type mismatch'. This means one device is configured to require authentication while the other is not.

Password configuration:

The statement claiming that 'A password has been configured on the local OSPF router but is not shown in the output' is false because the output indicates an authentication mismatch, not the presence or absence of a password. The other statements are true based on the provided debug output.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

OSPF Configuration Guides

Conserve Mode Activation:

FortiGate enters conserve mode to prevent system crashes when the memory usage reaches critical levels. The 'red threshold' is the point at which FortiGate starts dropping new sessions to conserve memory.

When the system memory usage exceeds this threshold, the FortiGate will block new sessions that require significant memory resources, such as those needing content inspection.

Exiting Conserve Mode:

The 'green threshold' is the memory usage level below which FortiGate exits conserve mode and resumes normal operation.

Once the system memory usage drops below this threshold, FortiGate will start allowing new sessions again.

Fortinet Community: Understanding conserve mode and its thresholds (Welcome to the Fortinet Community!) (Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).

Fortinet Documentation: Memory conserve mode and thresholds (Welcome to the Fortinet Community!) (Fortinet GURU).

The exhibit shows a sniffer capture where TCP port 8013 is being used for communication. The communication appears one-way, indicating potential issues with the upstream FortiGate receiving the necessary packets or being able to respond.

To ensure successful communication in a Security Fabric setup:

Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way: Verify that no firewalls or network devices between the downstream and upstream FortiGates are blocking TCP port 8013. This port is crucial for Security Fabric communication.

Authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate: In the Security Fabric, the root FortiGate must recognize and authorize the downstream FortiGate to allow proper communication and management.

Enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate: The upstream FortiGate must have the Security Fabric or Fortitelemetry enabled on the interface that receives the communication from the downstream FortiGate. This enables proper data exchange and monitoring within the Security Fabric.

Fortinet Documentation on Security Fabric Configuration

Fortinet Community Discussion on Port Requirements

The session table entry provided shows detailed information about a specific network session passing through the FortiGate device. From the session details, we can see that the session has various attributes such as state, protocol, policy, and inspection details.

The session state (proto_state=11) indicates that the session is being actively processed and inspected.

The npd_state=00000000 suggests that the session is being handled by the CPU rather than offloaded to a Network Processor (NP).

The session is marked for security profile inspection, evident from the detailed byte/packet counts and other session parameters.

From these indicators, it's clear that FortiGate is using its CPU to perform security profile inspection on this session rather than simply forwarding the traffic without inspection or relying solely on IPS inspection.

Fortinet Documentation on Session Table

Fortinet Community Discussion on Session Table